(http://news.bbcimg.co.uk/media/images/72026000/jpg/_72026861_72026735.jpg) Uganda's President Museveni has become involved in mediation On Monday, Uganda's President Yoweri Museveni threatened the rebels with military action if they failed to agree to a ceasefire by the end of Tuesday.
It appears that the pressure on Mr Machar worked, says the BBC's James Copnall in the capital Juba, as the rebel leader appears to be sending a delegation despite Mr Kiir failing to agree to demands such as the release from jail of Mr Machar's political allies.
But Mr Machar insists he will not order his troops to stop fighting before preliminary talks have taken place.
South Sudan is the world's newest state. It was formed in 2011, gaining independence from Sudan after decades of conflict.
- (http://news.bbcimg.co.uk/media/images/71972000/gif/_71972804_south_sudan_conflict_displ_464map271213.gif) Fighting erupted in the South Sudan capital, Juba, in mid-December. It followed a political power struggle between President Salva Kiir, a Dinka, and his Nuer ex-deputy Riek Machar. The fear is that their rivalry which has turned violent will exacerbate ethnic tensions. (http://news.bbcimg.co.uk/media/images/71916000/gif/_71916739_01_ethnic_groups_464.gif) Sudan's arid north is mainly home to Arabic-speaking Muslims. But in South Sudan there is no dominant culture. The Dinkas and the Nuers are the largest of more than 200 ethnic groups, each with its own languages and traditional beliefs, alongside Christianity and Islam. (http://news.bbcimg.co.uk/media/images/71867000/gif/_71867723_02_oil_464.gif) Both Sudan and the South are reliant on oil revenue, which accounts for 98% of South Sudan's budget. They have fiercely disagreed over how to divide the oil wealth of the former united state - at one time production was shutdown for more than a year. Some 75% of the oil lies in the South but all the pipelines run north (http://news.bbcimg.co.uk/media/images/71882000/gif/_71882569_03_geography_464.gif) The two Sudans are very different geographically. The great divide is visible even from space, as this Nasa satellite image shows. The northern states are a blanket of desert, broken only by the fertile Nile corridor. South Sudan is covered by green swathes of grassland, swamps and tropical forest. (http://news.bbcimg.co.uk/media/images/71882000/gif/_71882570_04_water_sanitation_464.gif) After gaining independence in 2011, South Sudan is the world's newest country - and one of its poorest. Figures from 2010 show some 69% of households now have access to clean water - up from 48% in 2006. However, just 2% of households have water on the premises. (http://news.bbcimg.co.uk/media/images/71882000/gif/_71882571_05_education_464.gif) Just 29% of children attend primary school in South Sudan - however this is also an improvement on the 16% recorded in 2006. About 32% of primary-age boys attend, while just 25% of girls do. Overall, 64% of children who begin primary school reach the last grade. (http://news.bbcimg.co.uk/media/images/71885000/gif/_71885764_06_food_insecurity_464.gif) Almost 28% of children under the age of five in South Sudan are moderately or severely underweight - this compares with the 33% recorded in 2006. Unity state has the highest proportion of children suffering malnourishment (46%), while Central Equatoria has the lowest (17%). previous slide next slide Are you in the area? Please get in touch using the form below
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