9/11 defendants in court at Guantanamo

[NewsCaster]

Five men accused of planning the September 11, 2001 attacks in the US have appeared in a military court at Guantanamo Bay to face charges that could lead to their execution.

The defendants, including Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who is accused of masterminding the attacks, were being arraigned on Saturday under heavy security at the US base in Cuba.

The five face charges that include terrorism and 2,976 counts of murder each for their alleged roles planning and aiding the attacks by hijackers aboard four airliners which destroyed the World Trade Center in New York and damaged the US defence department headquarters at the Pentagon, near Washington DC.

The five men could face the death penalty if convicted.

In addition to Mohammed, a Kuwait-born Pakistani who was captured in 2003 and transferred to Guantanamo in 2006, four other men face trial over their alleged roles in the 2001 attacks.

They are Waleed bin Attash, Ramzi Binalshibh, Ali Abd al-Aziz Ali and Mustafa Ahmad al-Hawsawi.

Defendants protest

As the arraignment got under way, the defendants removed their earphones and refused to listen to a translation of the judge's questions.

Mohammed declined to answer the judge's questions about whether he was satisfied with his US military and civilian lawyers.

At one point, two of the men got up and prayed alongside their defence tables.

Bbin Attash was put in a restraint chair for unspecified reasons and then removed from it after he agreed to behave; and lawyers for all defendants complained that the prisoners were prevented from wearing the civilian clothes of their choice.

"There were a lot of disruptions and objections and attempts to discuss motions throughout the morning session, which lasted about three-and-a-half hours," said Al Jazeera's Rosiland Jordan, reporting from Guantanamo.

"Defence lawyers were very keen to make it clear early on that they were not just going to follow procedure without questioning the process in the bargain."

Saturday's hearing is the first time the five have been in court in nearly three-and-a-half years. US President Barack Obama put their previous tribunal on hold in a failed effort to move the case to civilian court.

Mohammed has mocked the tribunal and said in previous court appearances that he welcomed execution.

"The military commission that is trying Mohammed and his four co-defendants is itself extremely controversial," our correspondent said.

"Military commissions have been used in US history, prior to this, but usually they involved people who were actually soldiers from another country's military.

"These men were not acting on behalf of any specific state or nation, so there has been a lot of criticism about them being tried in this setting."

Forced confessions

Steven Kay, an international criminal lawyer in London, told Al Jazeera Mohammed had been subjected to "waterboarding", or simulated drowning, by US interrogators more than 180 times and that confessions extracted through torture would be disregarded.

"Statements obtained by coercion cannot be used as evidence. However, the laws do not say that evidence obtained by coercion is inadmissible," he said.

[/size] International criminal lawyer Steven Kay speaks to Al Jazeera about the Guantanamo trial[/b]

"I'm afraid this whole business since George Bush [Obama's predecessor] introduced the military trials has gone out of control.

"If the Americans had gone down the proper and orthodox path when dealing with these suspected terrorists, and provided a justice system that was coherent, rational and based upon sound principles, they would not be in the mess that they are in now."  

The trial is being broadcast on closed-circuit TV at selected locations for families of September 11 victims, survivors and emergency personnel who responded to the attack.

Dozens of journalists as well as relatives of September 11 victims are also attending the hearing.

Closed-circuit broadcast opposed

Lawyers for some defendants opposed the closed-circuit broadcast on the grounds that the proceedings should be open to anyone to see, not just broadcast by closed-circuit TV at certain locations.

"We want it more transparent and more open," said Cheryl Bormann, a lawyer for defendant Waleed bin Attash. "We believe that the world needs to see what's happening."

This is the second time that the US has attempted to prosecute the five prisoners at Guantanamo.

Obama's administration withdrew the charges and sought to move the case to a civilian court in the US as part of an effort to close the prison on the base in Cuba.

But the administration was forced to reverse course because of opposition in Congress and by New York City officials who said the case posed too great of a security threat.

Al Jazeera