U.S. offers Egypt budget aid after Mursi assurance on economic reforms

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  Jacquelyn Martin / Pool via ReutersU.S. Secretary of State John Kerry (L) shakes hands with Egypt's President Mohamed Mursi at the Presidential Palace in Cairo March 3, 2013.By Arshad Mohammed and Alexander Dziadosz, ReutersCAIRO — The United States  said on Sunday it would give Egypt $250 million in budget aid after Egyptian  President Mohamed Mursi promised to take the painful economic reforms needed to  secure an IMF loan.

U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry announced the  funding after meeting Mursi and acknowledged Egypt's "extreme needs" as the  Islamist government struggles with a slide in currency reserves to worryingly  low levels and a soaring budget deficit.


Cairo says it wants to reopen  talks with the International Monetary Fund on a $4.8 billion loan which was  agreed in principle last November but suspended at Cairo's request due to  violent street protests the following month.

"In light of Egypt's  extreme needs and President Mursi's assurance that he plans to complete the IMF  process, today I advised him the United States will now provide the first $190  million of our pledged $450 million in budget support funds," Kerry said in a  statement at the end of a visit to Cairo.

The $190 million is part of a  $1 billion pledge by U.S. President Barack Obama in 2011 after Egypt's popular  uprising.

Kerry also said the United States would release $60 million  for an Egyptian-American Enterprise Fund, which is designed to support small and  medium companies in the private sector.

However, the U.S. diplomat  hinted further aid will depend on Egypt carrying out both economic and political  reforms.

"The United States can and wants to do more," he said. "When  Egypt takes the difficult steps to strengthen its economy and build political  unity and justice, we will work with our Congress at home on additional  support."

A SPUR TO REFORM

Kerry described the funds as "a  good-faith effort to spur reform and help the Egyptian people at this difficult  time". On Saturday he said it was "paramount, essential, urgent" that the  economy get back on its feet.

Follow @NBCNewsWorld However, the sum is dwarfed by the budget  deficit, which is growing rapidly as a slide in the Egyptian pound pushes up the  cost of subsidizing energy and food, much of which has to be imported using  scarce dollars.

In a reform program which Egypt is sending to the IMF,  the government targeted a deficit for this financial year of 189.7 billion  Egyptian pounds ($28 billion) or 10.9 percent of economic output. Even this  assumes economic reforms are made, and the deficit would hit 12.3 percent of GDP  without such action, it forecast.

Egypt's political and economic turmoil  has frightened away foreign investors and many tourists - a major source of the  foreign currency it needs to pay for wheat and fuel imports.

Two years  after the fall of Hosni Mubarak, Egypt is deeply split between the ruling  Islamists and the leftist and liberal opposition parties, most of which have  announced they will boycott parliamentary elections due to start next month.

On Sunday, a Cairo appeals court ordered that a politically fraught  retrial of Mubarak, his sons and top aides should begin on April 23, nine days  before the elections are due to begin.

Mubarak, the first Arab ruler to  be tried by his people after the uprisings that swept the Middle East and North  Africa, was jailed for life for ordering the killing of demonstrators in 2011,  but was granted a retrial by a Cairo court in January.

As Kerry  completed his visit, protesters and security forces clashed in Cairo's Tahrir  Square, center of the revolution, as police tried to clear demonstrators and  open the square to traffic, a witness said.

Unidentified assailants set  fire to a police vehicle outside the nearby Egyptian Museum, where the treasures  of Ancient Egypt are on display, the state news agency MENA reported.

Hundreds of people were also injured in the Suez Canal city of Port Said  during clashes between police and protesters there, security and medical sources  said.

Egypt's armed forces said on its Facebook page one military  officer was wounded when he was shot in the leg and one soldier from the  security forces was killed when he was shot in the neck by "unknown elements".

APRIL IMF DEAL?

Finance Minister Al-Mursi Al-Sayed Hegazy was  optimistic that an IMF agreement could be sealed before the four-stage lower  house poll gets under way on April 22. "I expect and am hopeful this deal can be  made before the elections," he told reporters.

Economists are divided  between those who see such a timetable as over-optimistic and those that believe  Egypt cannot hold out much longer without help.

Foreign currency  reserves tumbled to $13.6 billion in January from $36 billion before the fall of  Mubarak, and the Egyptian pound has dropped 8.2 percent since the central bank  began auctioning dollars at the end of December.

Reserve figures due out  this week are expected to show a continuing slide further below $15 billion -  the amount needed to fund three months' imports, economists said.

However, the price of any deal is likely to be high. Egypt is sending  projections to the IMF of huge increases in gasoline and diesel prices as it  comes under pressure to curb soaring energy subsidies, a cabinet official said  on Sunday.

The government plans to continue subsidized fuel prices for  the most needy, under a rationing system to be implemented in July. However,  Egyptians excluded from this scheme would face a jump in prices that could  provoke public fury if implemented.

The official, who is part of the  cabinet's economic team, told Reuters the increases would be put to an IMF team  once it arrives in Cairo to negotiate the loan. "The new prices are included in  the economic reform program that will be presented to the IMF mission," said the  official, who requested anonymity.

Petroleum Minister Osama Kamal was  quoted by the state news agency MENA as describing the figures as estimates and  said that no decisions had yet been made. According to the projections, the  commonly used 90 octane gasoline would leap to 5.71 Egyptian pounds ($0.85) a  liter from 1.75, while diesel would go up to 5.21 pounds from 1.10.

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