Amid rising interest in migration among Nigerian youths, a growing number of experts are urging prospective migrants to thoroughly evaluate their motivations and understand the realities before making the life-altering decision to leave the country. This advice comes at a time when the “Japa” phenomenon—a local slang meaning “to flee” or “run away”—has taken firm root in the national psyche, with thousands of Nigerians relocating annually in search of better opportunities abroad.
While the aspiration for improved living conditions, higher education, better healthcare, and secure employment is entirely legitimate, experts warn that many Nigerians, particularly the youth, are venturing into migration without adequate preparation or an understanding of the full implications. This, they say, often results in disappointment, hardship, or even tragedy.
During a recent national dialogue organized by youth development organizations and migration-focused advocacy groups in Abuja, professionals in international relations, immigration law, and diaspora affairs stressed the importance of informed decision-making. According to them, the rush to leave the country has led many young Nigerians into unregulated or illegal migration routes, where they become vulnerable to exploitation, trafficking, and other forms of abuse.
Dr. Kemi Adeoye, a migration consultant and public affairs analyst, noted that the allure of foreign countries is often inflated through social media and anecdotal success stories, while the difficult realities faced by many migrants are downplayed or ignored. “There’s a dangerous narrative that once you leave Nigeria, life immediately becomes better. That’s not always the case,” she said. “Yes, some people do thrive abroad, but many others face racism, underemployment, language barriers, isolation, and the constant threat of deportation, especially if they arrive through irregular means.”
A 2024 report by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) highlighted that a significant proportion of Nigerians who attempt irregular migration across the Mediterranean Sea end up stranded, detained, or dead. According to the report, Nigerian migrants made up one of the highest groups intercepted during European border patrols last year. The IOM warned that while some migrants succeed in reaching Europe, many face legal hurdles and are forced to live in poor conditions in refugee camps or detention centers for years.
In addition to physical risks, the brain drain resulting from mass migration is taking a toll on Nigeria’s critical sectors. The healthcare industry, in particular, has suffered greatly. According to data from the Nigerian Medical Association, over 15,000 Nigerian-trained doctors are currently practicing in the United Kingdom alone. Similar trends are seen in Canada, the United States, and Australia. While these countries benefit from the skills of Nigerian professionals, back home, the exodus has led to staff shortages, overworked personnel, and reduced access to quality healthcare for millions.
Economic experts also raise concerns about the long-term impact on national development. When the most talented and educated citizens consistently leave for greener pastures, they take with them the potential for innovation, entrepreneurship, and public service that could help fix the very issues driving migration. “We cannot build a country if everyone is trying to escape it,” said Dr. Ifeanyi Obiezu, an economist and youth advocate. “Migration should be a choice, not a reaction to desperation.”
To address these issues, the Nigerian government, through agencies like the Nigerians in Diaspora Commission (NIDCOM), is rolling out programs to promote safer, structured migration and to encourage diasporans to contribute positively to national growth. NIDCOM chairperson Abike Dabiri-Erewa recently reaffirmed the commission’s commitment to supporting Nigerians abroad while also appealing to young people to make thoughtful migration choices.
“Our goal is not to discourage migration, but to ensure it is done the right way,” she said. “We must also create opportunities at home that make staying a viable option. That’s where economic reforms, youth empowerment, and education play a key role.”
Various non-governmental organizations are also stepping in to educate young Nigerians about the realities of migration. They host town halls, webinars, and information sessions that provide accurate data on visa processes, job markets abroad, and potential risks. Some of these groups partner with embassies and international organizations to promote legal pathways such as skilled migration programs, student visas, and bilateral work exchange agreements.
Still, many young Nigerians feel they are left with few choices. Rising inflation, insecurity, unemployment, and poor infrastructure continue to fuel frustration. For many, the decision to leave is not so much about seeking luxury abroad as it is about escaping hardship at home. This is where experts emphasize the dual responsibility of both individuals and government.
“It’s not enough to tell youths not to migrate,” said Professor Aisha Sule, a political sociologist. “The government must create an environment where they can thrive. Meanwhile, individuals must also educate themselves, build skills that are in demand globally, and avoid falling for fraudulent schemes or shortcuts that often end in disaster.”
A growing body of returnees—those who migrated and returned home—are also speaking out. Some describe poor working conditions, unfulfilled promises, or harsh legal climates in their host countries. Their stories offer an important counterbalance to the popular image of seamless success abroad and provide valuable lessons for those still considering migration.
Ultimately, experts agree that migration, while a legitimate option, should not be seen as the only solution. A nuanced, realistic approach is necessary—one that involves preparation, legal compliance, and a clear understanding of what life abroad truly entails. As Nigeria continues to grapple with internal challenges, the country’s future may well depend on how its young people balance the desire to seek opportunities abroad with the need to invest in the nation they call home.
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