Exporters across the continent have expressed disappointment over Africa’s underwhelming trade performance, despite the operationalization of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). Designed to foster intra-African trade by reducing barriers and creating a unified market, the AfCFTA has yet to deliver the anticipated transformative impact, leaving stakeholders frustrated over unaddressed challenges.
Africa’s Trade Landscape
Currently, intra-African trade accounts for just about 15% of the continent’s total trade, compared to over 60% in Europe and Asia. This disparity persists despite the AfCFTA’s potential to boost intra-regional trade by up to 52% by 2025. Exporters cite several obstacles stifling progress:
- Infrastructure Gaps: Poor road networks, inefficient rail systems, and inadequate ports make the movement of goods across borders costly and time-consuming.
- Non-Tariff Barriers: Bureaucratic customs procedures, regulatory inconsistencies, and corruption hinder smooth trade flows.
- Limited Industrial Base: Many African economies rely on exporting raw materials rather than value-added goods, reducing trade diversity.
- Logistical Challenges: High transportation costs and limited access to financing continue to deter trade efficiency.

Stakeholders’ Concerns
Exporters argue that while the AfCFTA framework offers a promising vision, its implementation has been hampered by slow governmental action and lack of coordination. Some of their key concerns include:
- Policy Inconsistencies: Frequent policy changes by member states create uncertainty for businesses.
- Border Challenges: Persistent delays and unofficial levies at border crossings increase operational costs for exporters.
- Trade Financing: Limited access to affordable credit and insurance for exporters undermines their competitiveness.
Calls for Action
Exporters and analysts have urged African governments and the AfCFTA Secretariat to intensify efforts to address these issues:
- Infrastructure Development: Investing in transport and energy infrastructure to facilitate trade movement.
- Harmonizing Policies: Establishing standardized regulations and processes to reduce trade friction.
- Capacity Building: Supporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to participate in regional trade.
- Enhanced Logistics Support: Promoting digital platforms and technology-driven solutions to streamline customs operations.
A Path Forward
Despite the hurdles, exporters remain optimistic about AfCFTA’s potential to unlock Africa’s economic opportunities. Leveraging digital trade platforms, fostering regional value chains, and improving market access could significantly boost the continent’s trade performance.
Conclusion
The slow progress of Africa’s trade under the AfCFTA highlights the need for urgent and coordinated efforts to address structural and operational challenges. By prioritizing infrastructure, policy alignment, and capacity building, the continent can realize its vision of a competitive and integrated market, benefiting businesses and economies alike.
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